The size of dust particles has a critical impact on the movement of and it is related to the concentration of contaminants. Research has shown that surface dust comprises of inputs from a wide range of sources, such as material from the nearby soils (transported through water), dry and wet atmospheric conditions, particles as a result of paint deterioration, particulate emissions, vehicle fluids, and particles from the weathering of buildings and sidewalks. Thus, surface dust is a complex environmental medium that acts as a non-point source of pollution. Pollutants attached to dust may also be transferred to water bodies by runoff, which poses a serious threat to the water quality and human health. The Zn, Cu, and Cd have also been shown to alter the central nervous system and respiratory system’s roles and may also affect the endocrine system. The Cd is used in a number of industrial processes and introduced into the environment from different point sources (metals manufacture, mining, metal plating, tanneries, battery, pigment and paper industries) leaving aqueous solutions with elevated concentrations. Pb and Cd have been associated with lower academic and intelligence scores. Studies have shown that heavy metals such as Pb can cause the central nervous system to deteriorate by impeding its proper functioning and can persist in children (<6 years and 6–12 years). Different heavy metals pose different levels of toxicity to the human body. Dust can affect the human body differently depending on characteristics such as the heavy metal concentration, particle size, and particulate matter. Children and the elderly are more susceptible to such toxins because of their immature or age-compromised immune systems.
The used vulnerable ii rar skin#
Surface dust can easily re-suspend in specific outdoor environments, and adsorbed pollutants may enter the bodies of humans and animals through direct skin contact and respiratory inhalation pathways, which poses a threat to health. Dust adhering to surfaces can lead to significant problems for urban management. Problems were more severe for children aged 0–6 years with illness in the respiratory tract and cardiac patients. found that the frequency of emergency visits to National Taiean University Hospital and Shin Guang Memorial Hospital increased 1–3 days after a huge dust storm. Issues associated with dust storms have been highlighted in other countries of Asia, such as China, Japan, and Korea. Al-Tayeb and Jarrar estimated that an average of 220-ton km −2 year −1 of dust falls on Riyadh. In particular, Riyadh’s capital city is surrounded by desert and is at an altitude of 600 m thus, it is subjected to numerous dust storms throughout the year. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is vulnerable to dust storms because of the sparse vegetative cover, drought, light-textured topsoil, and topography. It was concluded that rapid industrialization and urbanization and their concentrations in dust may cause health problems in near future in north side as well as other sides of Riyadh City.ĭust storms are frequently produced by powerful constant winds acting on loose, fine, and dry soil. Also, there are no pollution of heavy metals in the dust with respect to IPI which is less than the critical limit (<1) with the exception of a sampling location in north side of the city with higher IPI showed unhealthy respiration conditions in particular areas. Since the heavy metal concentrations were lower than the threshold values, children and adults are exposed to lower health risk in investigated area. The EF trends exposed repeated anthropogenic activities were responsible for Mn, Cr, and Ni, while Pb, Zn, and Cu appeared to come from Earth’s crust. With respect to concentrations heavy metals were in the following order Zn > Cu > Mn > Cr > Ni > Pb > Cd. Surface dust samples were collected from 50 different residential yards in the north, south, west, east, and central corners of the city and analyzed for cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn). This study investigated the total concentration, health risk, integrated pollution load index (IPI), and enrichment factor (EF) of various heavy metals in urban dust at different locations in Riyadh City. Depending on their particle size and concentration, heavy metals in urban dust pose a health hazard to humans.
0 kommentar(er)
